The word "ionize" refers to the breaking of one or more electrons away from an atom, an action that requires the relatively high energies that these electromagnetic waves supply. Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher energy range of ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Other sources include X-rays from medical radiography examinations and muons, mesons, positrons, neutrons and other particles that constitute the secondary cosmic rays that are produced after primary cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere. A common source of ionizing radiation is radioactive materials that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively. This is an important distinction due to the large difference in harmfulness to living organisms. Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV, which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules and break chemical bonds. Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. gravitational radiation, in the form of gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime. acoustic radiation, such as ultrasound, sound, and seismic waves, dependent on a physical transmission medium.particle radiation consists of particles of non-zero rest energy, such as alpha radiation (α), beta radiation (β), proton radiation and neutron radiation.electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma radiation (γ).In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. Radiation, in general, exists throughout nature, such as in light and sound. The international symbol for types and levels of ionizing radiation (radioactivity) that are unsafe for unshielded humans. Note caveats in the text about this simplified diagram. Gamma radiation (γ) is dampened when it penetrates lead. Typical alpha particles (α) are stopped by a sheet of paper, while beta particles (β) are stopped by an aluminum plate. Illustration of the relative abilities of three different types of ionizing radiation to penetrate solid matter. For other uses, see Radiation (disambiguation).
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